On 21 May 2025, the Ministry of Smart Administration and Regional Development (VARAM) published an information report entitled “On the progress of the introduction of structured electronic invoicing”. The report proposes to postpone the mandatory introduction of electronic invoicing in business-to-business (B2B) transactions from 1 January 2026 to 1 January 2027, while allowing voluntary use from March 2026. These changes are justified by several critical factors, including technical readiness, a lack of digital skills and insufficient preparation time.
Good things are worth waiting for. This could be said about the new amendments to Latvian transfer pricing regulations, which this time are especially favourable for taxpayers (hereinafter – “TP”). Changes have come into force that allow local transfer pricing documentation to be prepared in English. This article covers the new changes, the details of their application and possible challenges.
The tax authority has once again raised the issue of authentication procedures in the State Revenue Service’s (“SRS”) Electronic Declaration System (“EDS”), in line with national information system security policies and digital transformation guidelines.
This article discusses the proposed amendments to the Cabinet Regulation No. 7 “Regulations on the State Revenue Service’s Electronic Declaration System” of 9 January 2024 (“Cabinet Regulation No. 7”).
Digital transformation in both the public and private sectors is rapidly advancing, with one of its central elements being the digitisation of document circulation. On 17 April 2025, the Ministry of Finance (“MoF”) submitted proposed amendments to the Value Added Tax (“VAT”) Law for public consultation, aiming to align it with the requirements set out in the Accounting Law regarding the issuance of structured electronic invoices, or e-invoices. These changes represent a significant step toward a fully digital and efficient accounting and tax administration system in Latvia.
In practice, there are cases where businesses located in different countries, having agreed to apply the laws of the Republic of Latvia (“RoL”) to a contract, are unaware or forget that not only the provisions of the Civil Law or the Commercial Law may apply, but also the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“Convention”), unless the contracting parties have excluded its application.
In this article, we look at the circumstances under which the Convention is applicable and how it can impact claims for damages.
In practice, the application of VAT to hire-purchase transactions (lease/finance lease) still leads to confusion, as a recent ruling by the Senate suggests (the ruling of 6 December 2024 in case A420225819, SKA-38/2024).
Intra-group financing transactions are a way for corporate groups to promote efficient capital allocation, stimulate development and provide more flexibility and control over financial resources than external financing. However, as with all other intra-group business transactions, transfer pricing risks should not be forgotten in financing transactions.
This article discusses an important but sometimes overlooked comparability factor to consider in cross-border financing transactions with related parties: the sovereign risk premium.
The topic of annual tax returns becomes a hot one in the public eye between late February and mid-March in Latvia. Whereas the State Revenue Service (SRS) works to strengthen its IT systems by implementing queues to ensure a smooth operation of its Electronic Declaration System on the first day of tax return submissions. Some taxpayers dive into the “lottery” as early as the end of February, while others either do not bother or are not in a rush to file their returns. Is it true that the outcome of filing an annual tax return depends on a person's luck or astrological sign?
On 17 October 2024, the Sustainability Disclosure Act (“ŠDA” or “Law”) came into force, which sets out the framework for sustainability reporting and adopts the provisions of the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (“CSRD”). The law aims to provide publicly available and comparable information on the impact of the activities of legal entities on sustainability aspects, including environmental protection, social rights, human rights and aspects of corporate governance, including anti-corruption and anti-bribery, as well as information on how these issues affect the development, performance and condition of legal entities. This information should be included in the sustainability report.
As of 1 January 2025, verification documents (invoices) will be created in a structured electronic invoice or e-invoice format for settlements with state and municipal institutions. Such an electronic invoice may contain trade secrets and certain procedures must be followed to ensure their protection. How can I protect trade secrets in electronic invoicing?
In everyday life, companies have to use an option such as borrowing money for various specific purposes. A significant increase in debt can present the company with challenges that impact balance sheet performance and potential tax risks.
One solution to the problem of increasing debt can be to capitalise the loan – a process whereby the creditor invests its debt rights as a financial asset in the borrower's equity.
This article describes the nature of the loan transaction and its capitalisation with practical examples of possible situations dealing with both corporate income tax (CIT) and transfer pricing (TP) aspects.
Crypto-asset trading is a popular source of income that not only attracts new investors but also brings economic benefits to the countries in which crypto-asset providers operate. In order to make Latvia an attractive location for international crypto-asset providers, the Ministry of Economy (“the Ministry”) has recently submitted a draft law that provides for the abolition of personal income tax (PIT) on non-residents' income from the sale of crypto-assets for several years. In this article about the draft law and its impact on the Latvian crypto-asset sector.
According to the law, married persons assume legal obligations and exercise their rights. For example, in the case of personal income tax (PIT), the money received from the spouse is not taxed. At present, people tend not to marry but to live in a joint household, even with children. Since such a relationship is by nature a marriage-like cohabitation, the question arises as to whether this PIT exemption could be extended to people living together unmarried. The Senate of the Republic of Latvia (Senate) has answered this question in one of the latest judgements (No. A420156821) discussed in this article.
In previous MindLink articles, we looked at what the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is, which companies it applies to and how it is implemented in Latvia. In this article, we would like to draw readers' attention to important measures that companies should take in 2025 to continue importing CBAM goods to Latvia. We also explain why it is important to include high-quality data in CBAM reports.
On taking a closer look at the findings of PwC’s corporate cyber resilience survey 2024 (Global Digital Trust Insights Survey) I realise that business leaders are greatly concerned about the potential costs of cyberattacks. These include a potential ransom payment in the event of a ransomware attack, system recovery, and potential compensations to customers for the company’s inability to supply its goods or services while it’s dealing with the consequences. Small companies may find such costs unaffordable.
From 13 December 2024, all economic operators subject to the new regulatory framework must start to apply Regulation 2023/988 of the European Parliament and of the Council on general product safety (hereinafter referred to as “the Regulation”). The regulation imposes a number of obligations not only on manufacturers but also on importers, distributors and providers of online marketplace . It is therefore worth familiarising yourself with the regulation to avoid being unexpectedly penalised for non-compliance.
The obligation to register for VAT purposes depends not only on the registration threshold set in Latvia for domestic transactions (EUR 50,000), but also on the type of services supplied to a VAT payer of another EU Member State, if the place of supply of these services is determined under Section 19, Paragraph One of the VAT Law (the recipient of the service is responsible for the payment of VAT), or on the type of services received, the place of which is determined under the above-mentioned Section. According to the VAT Law, VAT registration is also required if the purchase of goods by a company in the territory of the EU reaches or exceeds EUR 10,000 in the current calendar year (currently, this threshold can be used not only by inland taxpayers but also by taxpayers from another EU Member State). The registration requirement has so far prevented SMEs from “enjoying” their status. Some changes have already come into force from 1 January 2025, others will become effective on 1 July 2025. This article looks at these changes.
At the end of 2024, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) conducted a survey among Baltic CFOs to understand the key priorities, trends and challenges in the area of finance function management. CFOs from Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian companies representing different types of organisations – private companies, listed companies, state and municipal capital companies - took part in the survey.
Tax transparency is becoming increasingly important in the context of corporate sustainability. Investors, consumers and other stakeholders are paying increasing attention to how companies manage their tax liabilities and reflected in sustainability reports. We previously informed our readers about PwC’s 2023 study “Tax Transparency and Sustainability Reporting in 2023” in this field. This year, PwC published a new study covering the sustainability review practices of over 850 companies in 21 countries. This article summarises the key findings of PwC’s 2024 global study “Global Tax Transparency and Tax Sustainability Reporting Study”.
AI agents are a hot topic in the world of technology now. They represent a new breed of existing AI solutions that aim to automate processes and improve efficiency by providing each employee with a personal assistant. Over the past year, AI tools such as chatbots have become an integral part of everyday life. In a survey conducted by PwC in August 2024, 73% of respondents stated that they already use chatbots such as Microsoft's Copilot and ChatGPT daily or plan to use them. At the moment, however, the focus is increasingly on AI agents that combine a range of the skills of chatbots with broader automation and personalisation capabilities.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is known to be a unique forum and a globally recognised centre of expertise that enables member states, including Latvia, to effectively address matters of interest to it regarding the adequacy of transfer prices.
This article looks at the guidance developed by the OECD on Amount B for associated enterprises performing the function of a distributor of goods within a group of companies.
On 1 January 2025, significant changes to the personal income tax (PIT) legislation came into force. Continuing our tradition, we have prepared an overview of the application of PIT, mandatory national social insurance contributions (MNSIC), and solidarity tax (ST) on salaries and wages in 2025.
Central and local government agencies have been required to create accessible Web content since 2016. This is prescribed by Directive (EU) 2016/2102 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on the accessibility of websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies passed in 2016. However, studies suggest that it’s still very difficult for people with disabilities to access information in the way they need. For example, in August 2024, having surveyed 15 websites run by central and local government agencies, the Ombudsman found that none of them is fully accessible to people with disabilities. In this article we will explain what accessibility is and why it’s important for businesses, as well as exploring the essence of accessibility to digital resources and services, the rationale, legislation, practices and recommendations for providing accessibility successfully.
As part of adopting the yearly national budget, Parliament passed several key tax amendments in their final reading on 4 December 2024, which are in force but will apply from 1 January 2025. In this article, we look at the most important changes affecting people and businesses, with changes to personal income tax (PIT) and other taxes.
On 31 October 2024 Parliament passed the State Revenue Service (SRS) Act and the Tax and Customs Police Act (the ‘Police Act’) in their final reading to separate the Internal Security Board and the Tax and Customs Police Board from the SRS. These legislative changes will carry out the Ministry of Finance’s (MOF) intention of reorganising the SRS to carve out investigatory and operational functions. The new legal framework will result in the SRS being only tasked with the provision of advice, support and services in the field of tax and customs.
In an earlier MindLink article we wrote about proposals for amending the value added tax (VAT) framework. The proposals mandate e-invoicing in cross-border transactions and require changes to how EU sales lists are completed. The proposals also place responsibility for collecting VAT on platforms through which transactions are made in the accommodation and transport sector, and the one-stop shop (OSS) scheme is to be expanded.
Having a network of double tax treaties (DTTs) helps countries work together when it comes to taxes, as DTTs aim to prevent the double taxation of income earned by individuals or companies doing business in two or more countries. As for the latest developments in international taxation, in this article we will take a closer look at the technical aspects of the most-favoured-nation (MFN) clause, which is found in just a few DTTs and from October 2024 has been implemented in the DTT between France and Latvia. We will also look at the significance of the MFN regime for French companies wishing to expand their operations in Latvia.
Transfer pricing (TP) documentation is necessary for companies doing business with related foreign companies to demonstrate that prices applied in their transactions are arm’s length. The preparation of TP files can be either centralised or decentralised. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between them depends on the structure and specific needs of the group. In this series of articles, we will look at the pros and cons of the two approaches, which you need to consider when it comes to selecting the best approach to preparing your TP documentation.
October 27 was the last day of a public consultation on proposals the Ministry of Economy (MOE) has drawn up for amending the State Aid for Startup Operations Act. The proposals delete references to the de minimis aid rule and authorise the MOE to enter into participation agreements with organisations representing startups to simplify the process of awarding EUR 400,000 in state aid. This article explores what we see as key changes.
Europe has been looking for ways to improve its gender equality indicators in recent years, including the pay gap between men and women and their participation in top management. One of the latest initiatives provides for securing a gender balance on the boards of listed companies. In this article, we explore these changes because the new rules apply to Latvia too.
On 30 September 2024 the Latvian Supreme Court issued Ruling No. A420226518 after hearing a Latvian company’s appeal against a decision from the State Revenue Service (SRS) and a ruling from the Regional Administrative Court. The dispute was over the results of a tax audit that questioned the company’s right to deduct input VAT when acting as intermediary in cross-border transactions. The SRS viewed the transactions as fictitious because the original seller (two unrelated Latvian companies) and the end buyer (a related Lithuanian company) had allegedly entered into a secret agreement. The SRS said the company was aware of that agreement and engaged in documenting the transactions as an intermediary to reduce the amount of value added tax (VAT) and corporate income tax (CIT) payable to the government.
In early 2024, Parliament amended the National Cadastre Act to change how cadastral values of real estate (RE) are set from 1 January 2025. Two cadastral values will be calculated and recorded for each cadastral item on a temporary basis: fiscal and universal. Fiscal value will be equivalent to the current cadastral value and used to assess real estate tax (RET) and other duties. Universal value is to be used in accounting records, financial statements and land rent calculations.
Passed by the Latvian parliament on 31 October 2024 in their final reading, amendments to the Accounting Act require Latvian invoices to be issued as structured electronic invoices (‘e-invoices’). These changes will apply to all businesses when invoicing government agencies (B2G) from 1 January 2025. E-invoicing will become mandatory between businesses (B2B) from 1 January 2026.
In September 2024 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) definitively ruled on the case involving the European Commission (EC) against Ireland and Apple. The CJEU confirmed that Ireland’s two tax measures allowed Apple to use transfer prices in its intragroup transactions that were not arm’s length, constituting illegal state aid under Article 107(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Apple enjoyed tax advantages over the period from 1991 to 2014 and must now repay EUR 13 billion in unpaid taxes to the Irish state. This is the largest amount of illegal aid in history to date.
We have read conflicting opinions from the State Revenue Service (SRS) on how financing from the State or EU funds affects value added tax (VAT). Persons receiving such funding should consider this issue carefully and may have to seek SRS approval for VAT treatment. To help you navigate this complexity, we will offer some guidelines based on the assessment made by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in its ruling C‑87/23 of 4 July 2024. The case involves a dispute between the Latvian Information and Communications Technology Association (LICTA) and the SRS.
The growing job market requirements both locally and globally are forcing employers to identify HR policy improvements capable of attracting and retaining today’s workforce. Yet strategies for attracting talent, adopting GenAI tools, understanding and satisfying workers’ needs are only the tip of the iceberg. With increased challenges to reduce staff turnover and create an inclusive and growth-oriented working environment, organisations should be putting more effort into identifying the current market trends and building their value proposition. In this article we will present the findings of ‘Workforce Radar’, a PwC US study of organisations across the PwC network, and the findings of ‘Hopes and Fears 2024’, a PwC survey of more than 20,000 employees, business leaders and HR leaders.
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning technology has led to their increased use in tax administration across Europe and in Latvia. The adoption of AI has proved to be particularly effective, helping tax authorities prevent tax discrepancies and fraud, improve taxpayer experience and increase the effectiveness of internal processes. This article explores various recent examples of how AI is used to improve tax administration and boost tax revenues in Latvia and elsewhere in Europe.
In early 2024 the State Revenue Service (SRS) published an advance tax ruling issued to a foreign company’s permanent establishment (PE) in Latvia, in which the SRS assessed the PE’s relationship with its foreign head office and explained whether the PE is liable to prepare and submit a transfer pricing (TP) file for their mutual transactions. In this article we outline what the tax ruling says about PE status, examine Latvian TP rules on documenting relationships and TP, and offer a theoretical example to explain the PE’s obligation to document TP in practice.
‘Don’t hire yourself!’ is a campaign-like slogan resonating loudly across the Nordic countries this autumn to warn employers against giving in to the temptation to hire only people like them and to encourage them to cast their net wider for the talent they need. This article highlights the manifestations and consequences of bias in candidate selection, puts forward arguments for recruitment that is open to diversity and inclusive in the light of the latest EU demographic trends, and makes specific recommendations for guidelines and activities in the recruitment process.
Following a lively public debate about revising the Latvian system of labour taxation to make it more competitive in the Baltic region, the Ministry of Finance has put together and on 26 September 2024 presented proposals for amending the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act. The proposals make several changes to PIT treatment, affecting the rates, personal allowances and other core principles of tax treatment. This article explores key changes to labour taxation affecting taxpayers from next year.
Passed on 11 April 2024, Regulation 2024/2019 significantly changes the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), in particular the jurisdiction to hear tax, customs and other specific matters. These changes provide that certain areas of litigation so far handled by the CJEU will now be transferred to the General Court. This is done to make the procedures more efficient and reduce the length of court hearings. The changes came into force on 1 September 2024, when the CJEU Statute was amended, and will apply from 1 October 2024.
On 9 September 2024 the State Revenue Service (SRS) reminded Latvian taxpayers about the opportunity to apply for an automatic refund of personal income tax (PIT) without filing the annual tax return (ATR). Persons wishing to receive into their bank account any PIT overpaid in the previous tax year are asked to apply for this service by 30 September 2024. In August 2024 the SRS added Smart-ID to the array of tools for signing in to the Electronic Declaration System (EDS), offering taxpayers an easier method of authentication.
Proposals for amending the Taxes and Duties Act were released for a public consultation over the period from 21 August to 4 September 2024. Expected to come into force on 1 January 2025, the proposals caused a wide public resonance. They aim to improve tax compliance by restricting the circulation of hard cash and to encourage contactless payments. This article explores what we see as key changes.
As you may know, approval of the national medium-term tax policy guidelines, which was supposed to take place by 1 April 2024, has been delayed considerably. It’s not known for sure yet whether and how this will affect VAT treatment in future. However, the Ministry of Finance has drafted proposals for amending the VAT Act, aimed at passing the EU directive to ease the administrative burden on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to improve the rules for applying 0% VAT and the margin scheme for second-hand goods, works of art, antiques and collectors’ items. The amendments are to come into force on 1 January 2025. This article explores what we see as key changes.
Estonia has drawn up new taxation plans that will considerably change the financial landscape for businesses and people from 2025. This article looks at the proposed defence tax and motor vehicle tax, as well as other significant tax increases affecting various sectors.
The end of the summer saw the Supreme Court rule on cases concerning the tax treatment of income from various entertainment services. Just like income from live streaming of video games, winnings from participation in games of chance are high on the agenda when it comes to interpreting the relevant tax rules, which is causing disputes with the tax authority. One of these disputes involved the State Revenue Service (SRS) deciding to charge personal income tax (PIT) and late fees on an individual’s unreported winnings from a company organising games of chance. The taxpayer sued the tax authority, and his appeal eventually landed in the Supreme Court. This article continues our MindLink series on Supreme Court rulings concerning the tax treatment of income from recreational activities and looks at a recent Supreme Court ruling.
Last week we wrote about proposals for amending the Taxes and Duties Act and looked at the proposed changes in taxation and administration. This article continues exploring changes expected to tidy up administrative and data sharing processes.
This series of articles offers information on the nature of state aid, and this time we will look at a set of state aid rules that is used very widely: de minimis aid. This aid is particularly attractive because its conditions are simplified and it is more accessible than other types of aid. This article explores key changes to these rules, where you can sign up for this aid and what conditions apply.
The live streaming of video games has become a popular form of entertainment attracting millions of global viewers on streaming platforms. The creators of video game livestreaming often encourage viewers to make voluntary payments supporting the gamer, which in certain cases may be his only source of income. This income has attracted the attention of the State Revenue Service (SRS). Having examined a person’s activities of creating video game streams and receiving money from viewers, the SRS found an unregistered economic activity and charged personal income tax (PIT). The person challenged this decision, and the case ended up in the Latvian Supreme Court. This article explores the background to the case and the Supreme Court’s opinion on the PIT treatment of income received from viewers during the live streaming of video games.
Latvian law lays down different principles for including employment periods and periods equivalent to employment in the insurance period for Latvian nationals and foreign nationals, including EU nationals receiving an old-age pension. This has caused disputes between pension recipients and the National Social Insurance Agency (NSIA), as well as building the case law based on interpretations of the Latvian Constitution, EU law and international agreements.
Communicating with the State Revenue Service (SRS) is certainly the safest way to make sure the interpretation of law we use daily complies with how it was originally intended. Most of the guidelines published by the SRS explain clearly how statutory requirements should be applied. Yet the 2019 guidelines on transfer pricing (TP) documentation offer a formula for computing the amount of a controlled credit-line or cash-pool transaction made in the financial year that gives the taxpayer much more room for interpretation. This alternative formula became the subject of debate again in recent communication between TP professionals and the SRS.
In early July 2024, the European Commission (EC) published its annual report on tax policies across the EU. Value added tax (VAT) is one of the most important taxes in the EU accounting for about 7.5% of GDP and 18.6% of total EU tax revenue in 2022. This article explores the EC’s VAT findings.
A system of artificial intelligence (AI) can make your day-to-day work increasingly more efficient, competitive and productive in both the private and the public sector. There are various AI system models on the market you can put in place, tailor to your company’s needs and use in your day-to-day work. Remember that, for instance, a company using an AI system for its professional purposes under EU Regulation 2024/1689 (the ‘AI Act’) faces various obligations for AI system maintainers.
The media have been actively using the term ‘cyber warfare’. At this year’s ‘Lampa’ Conversation Festival, I took part in ‘Are we ready for cyber warfare?’, a discussion held by the Ministry of Defence. At the moment we are unable to draw a clear line between the kind of cyber warfare that calls for a military response and the sort of cyber warfare that qualifies as an attack under the Criminal Code. Yet cyber warfare is definitely going on in Latvia and companies should be monitoring their cyber security carefully.
Sustainability has become a salient feature in today’s business landscape, with companies having to adapt to the growing pressure for operating responsibly and transparently. The European Union (EU) has taken significant steps to improve corporate sustainability reporting standards by implementing the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). It lays down a wider range of reporting requirements and offers more detailed guidelines helping companies make accurate and complete disclosures on their ESG impacts, as well as outlining criteria for companies liable to report on their sustainability practices.
Regulation 2024/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing (the ‘AML Regulation’) was passed on 31 May 2024. Money laundering issues have been regulated at EU level for a long time, but this was so far done in the form of a directive laying down only minimum standards and giving the member states wide discretion to choose ways of implementing them.
The Constitutional Court (CC) ruled on 13 June 2024 that provisions of the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act are consistent with section 105 of the Constitution, which guarantees the right to property. The ruling was passed after the Administrative Regional Court and Riga City Court disputed the PIT Act’s provisions requiring payment of PIT on gambling and lottery winnings regardless of what the gambler has paid to play the game.
In November 2022 the EU passed Directive 2022/2381 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies as a key step towards achieving a gender balance in corporate governance. This is also known as the Women on Board Directive, which may create a false impression that only women should be appointed to the board in the future. This article aims to dispel this myth and describes the directive’s goals in more detail. Latvia is to pass the directive into its national law by 28 December 2024, so we will soon be able to examine some legislative proposals (in our next article).
Proposals for amending the Anti Money Laundering and Counter Terrorism and Proliferation Financing Act (AMLCTPFA) were laid before Parliament on 3 May 2024. These are being debated along with several other enactments governing crypto-asset service providers to harmonise the national law with the EU framework. In addition to several improvements related to crypto-asset service providers, the Finance Ministry has presented proposals for improving the general AMLCTPFA rules. This would help ease the administrative burden while staying true to AMLCTPFA’s objective. However, the legislative process is not yet finished and the current wording of the proposals might not receive Parliament’s approval in the last reading. This article explores some of the most significant improvements.
ESG or sustainability is a hot topic that people initially associated with the environment and climate change. The social and governance components of ESG have recently become even more relevant when it comes to workers, supply chains or tax management. This article briefly looks at why we should be treating taxes as a key component of sustainability.
The European Union (EU) celebrates May as the month of diversity to highlight the importance of diversity and inclusion (D&I) in society. Diversity basically reflects the nature of a person’s unique and distinct qualities and relates to people’s different values in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, abilities and experience.
On 24 May 2024 the Finance Ministry launched a public consultation on proposals for amending the Accounting Act that require invoices to be prepared as structured electronic invoices. Latvian companies invoicing state-funded organisations will have to use structured electronic invoices from 1 January 2025. Other companies will be covered from 2026. This article explores the early proposals for implementing e-invoices in Latvia.
In today’s rapidly changing world, organisations need to be proactive to stay competitive and they also need to regularly assess potential business risks and opportunities. When it comes to assessing risks and opportunities, businesses often opt for enterprise risk management – the culture, capabilities and practices an organisation integrates with setting a strategy and applies when it carries out that strategy, with the purpose of managing risk in creating, preserving and realising value.
The International Internal Audit Standards Board has been working for several years to update and improve the current international standards for the professional practice of internal auditing to promote the profession’s evolution and internal audit quality and to provide added support for internal audit functions facing ever-changing external and internal risks. This work resulted in the updated and improved international internal audit practice standards being published on 9 January 2024 and coming into force on 9 January 2025. This year, all internal audit functions have time to assess their compliance with the new standards’ requirements and to identify any necessary improvements. We believe this is a great opportunity to make long-term changes to your internal audit function and help it provide even more significant support in achieving your organisation’s goals.
On 8 May 2024, the EU Council published updated proposals for amending the VAT directive (known as VAT in the Digital Age – ViDA). The amendments are to be passed at an ECOFIN meeting on 21 June 2024. It’s likely that the original deadlines will be postponed and the member states will have to pass some of the amendments into their national laws by 1 July 2027, some by 1 July 2028 and some by 1 July 2030. This article explores key changes and the timeline.
Coming into force on 1 July 2024, the Latvia–Moldova social security agreement will help the two countries work together in this field by defining how pensions, government benefits and insurance claims can be awarded and paid to persons living in Latvia and Moldova. The agreement also governs the payment of national social insurance contributions on income arising in these countries and dispenses with the need to contribute in both. This article describes how the agreement was reached and explores its key terms that are relevant to every Latvian individual that has economic or social ties with Moldova, as well as to Latvian businesses employing or planning to employ workers from Moldova after June 2024.
Whether a taxable person transfers a business or makes a contribution in kind in exchange for shares, this is typically treated as a transaction outside the scope of VAT. However, the Latvian VAT Act does not resolve this issue conclusively, and this assumption comes from a logical assessment of the rules that require adjustment to input VAT deduction. The latest case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has weakened the impression that a contribution to share capital is always a supply outside the scope of VAT. This article explores a recent CJEU ruling.
One day I tried out Copilot for Microsoft 365 and realised this GenAI tool isn’t going to replace me at PwC but it will certainly change my daily life. PwC Latvia has been a Microsoft partner since last Christmas, and I’ve been encouraging Latvian companies to test Copilot’s capabilities. Each company can come up with its own scenario and see how it can benefit from using GenAI. It’s important that your company has its own task where it expects added value from GenAI. It wouldn’t be right to use the technology ‘unattended’ and laugh about images it generates with two-headed persons or about Neil Armstrong being hailed as the first astronaut. Below I offer my scenario and findings.
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has become an essential business tool that helps companies optimise their processes, improve efficiencies and cut costs. However, to better understand GenAI’s impact on finances, it’s important to consider the cost of this tool from different aspects.
It’s been a while since the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) drafted its Pillar I report dealing with various issues around the growing economic globalisation and digitalisation. It’s also increasingly difficult to determine countries’ rights to charge corporate income tax on the profits of multinational enterprise groups. While the project is basically geared towards digital business, one of the solutions the OECD offers may simplify transfer pricing (TP) for a particular group of transactions: baseline marketing and distribution activities.
In today’s competitive job market, the battle to attract and retain the best talent is more challenging than ever before. An effective employer branding strategy that is aligned with your corporate values, culture, work environment and benefits will help you stay ahead of your competitors. Not only are organisations with a strong employer brand attracting more applicants but the pool they get to choose from is higher quality, leading to better hires and lower turnover rates.
In late 2023 the Ministry of Finance (MOF) drew up an informational report on plans to improve the operations of the State Revenue Service (SRS). The report suggested appropriate measures, including changes to the SRS organisational structure and revising the types of subordination. The guidelines and the goal of the reform are consistent with the SRS long-term strategy, which provides for improving its operations to become a more efficient tax and customs authority with the emphasis on encouraging cooperation with taxpayers.
The Green Deal aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent. We have undertaken to reduce our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 55% (compared to the 1990 levels) by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. To meet these targets and mitigate the impact on climate change, countries and businesses need to cut down their GHG emissions significantly.
The peculiar procedure for calculating and paying solidarity tax (ST) often has taxpayers wondering about its link with other Latvian taxes: personal income tax (PIT) and mandatory national social insurance (NSI) contributions. Confusion about ST’s essence and mechanism may lead to a dispute with the tax authority and even litigation. This article explores one of the latest cases heard by the Latvian Supreme Court regarding an ST payer’s request for a refund of PIT wrongly paid by making ST payments in Latvia.
While rules on platform work have yet to be passed, the legal frameworks of the EU lawmaker and of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) are living parallel lives. March 2024 saw new yet converging reference points from both directions, and the sharp-eyed reader can start wondering whether platform workers (food delivery couriers) are employees or self-employed.
On 22 February 2024 the European Parliament Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) published a draft report that includes proposals for a transfer pricing (TP) directive drafted by the European Commission. The ECON draft report generally supports the Commission’s proposal to align the TP requirements across the EU, yet it recommends a number of crucial amendments. This article explores the ECON amendments that could affect Latvian TP requirements, too.
Recent years have seen the State Revenue Service (SRS) increasingly focus on transfer pricing (TP) risks, particularly management services and business support services rendered within a multinational enterprise (MNE) group. These services between related companies aim to promote a group member’s business, to cut costs it would have incurred in performing the particular functions on its own, or to offer some other comparable benefit from the synergy of doing business together. Yet there is also the other side of the coin – TP and corporate income tax (CIT) risks may arise if the recipient of services is unable to prove they were actually received and the fee was justified.
Diversity in organisations does not primarily mean differences in people’s visual appearance, gender or skin colour. Organisations have both visible and invisible diversity that can be encountered at individual, group and department level. While the potential and challenges are lying hidden in what’s invisible, we are used to measuring and accounting for what’s visible. Why is this an issue? And what risks does it entail? This article explores the essence of diversity management, risks and the initial minimum policy to eliminate them.
Many companies are considering accepting virtual currency or cryptocurrency in payment for their goods or services. Some are even considering buying virtual currency as a financial instrument. What is virtual currency? And how do we account for it properly? This article explores the essence of and accounting for virtual currency.
Belarus has unilaterally decided to suspend the operation of certain articles of its double tax treaties (DTTs) with 27 countries from 1 June 2024. This article explores the status of the Belarus-Latvia DTT and the list of affected countries.
Baltic CEOs are again cautiously optimistic about economy growth over the next 12 months. More CEOs recognise that competitiveness mostly depends on their company’s ability to transform, automate processes and adopt new technology, according to PwC’s Baltic CEO Survey 2024.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation and repealing Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 came into force on 29 June 2023.
Companies are sometimes unsure whether a transaction affecting them qualifies as the transfer of a business as a going concern (TOGC). This is a crucial question in identifying a number of potential risks, including VAT liabilities. If a TOGC has occurred, the transaction is not subject to VAT if the acquirer is registered for VAT and continues a business that does not involve asset stripping or liquidating the company.
The CIT Act requires companies to assess whether they have incurred expenses in acquiring and maintaining a luxury executive vehicle (LEV) for each tax period. This article explores how to determine the value of an LEV and what costs are chargeable to CIT, as well as looking at the new CIT treatment effective from 1 January 2024 of LEVs that are used for a long time.
In our earlier article we looked at the proposed amendments to the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act, coming into force on 1 July 2024 along with the rules governing civil partnerships. In addition to a range of PIT reliefs that are currently available to married persons and relatives up to the third degree under the Civil Code, the lawmaker intends to provide civil partners with equivalent social guarantees.
Two years after Russia invaded Ukraine, the EU Council adopted its 13th package of sanctions on 23 February 2024. Aiming to support Ukraine and tighten the restrictions against Russia’s military and defence sector, as well as targeting restrictions against individuals and entities from third countries, the EU Council has launched a number of restrictive measures.
In late 2023 PwC conducted its 27th global CEO survey with 4,702 respondents from 105 countries. The survey suggests that CEOs feel increasingly under pressure to adapt and change their current economic activity so that their company remains viable in the long term. They mention technological advances, consumer behaviours, regulatory dynamics and climate change as key factors. From a sustainability perspective, most CEOs view decarbonising their companies or reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) as a priority, which can be achieved mainly by taking steps to improve energy efficiency and developing eco-friendly goods and services.
Companies are currently working hard to prepare their financial statements for a statutory audit, so this is the right time to revise and update their basic business information. There is a general obligation often neglected by taxpayers because it seems insignificant: the State Revenue Service (SRS) must be duly notified of the taxpayer’s core economic activity according to the statistical classification of economic activities NACE 2.0, deployed uniformly across the EU. In this article we stress the importance of this obligation, remind you of the deadlines, make a few practical recommendations, and describe the proposed migration to NACE 2.1 designed to improve statistical comparability.
The EU Blue Card is a special type of temporary residence permit that is available to highly skilled foreign professionals. This article explores key differences in conditions and in the process of acquiring residence rights.
What are an external accountant’s obligations under the Anti Money Laundering and Counter Terrorism and Proliferation Financing (AML/CTPF) Act if accounting services are provided to related companies only? The Administrative Division of the Latvian Supreme Court referred this question to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on 4 January 2024.
Effective from 11 January 2024, the Ministry of Finance has amended the Cabinet of Ministers’ Rule No. 1507 of 17 December 2013, ‘The procedure for refunding VAT to a taxable person registered in a third country or territory’, and Rule No. 1514 of 17 December 2013, ‘The procedure for filing a registered taxable person’s VAT refund claim in another EU member state and the procedure for refunding VAT to a taxable person registered in another EU member state’.
The amendments apply in particular to EU and non-EU registered taxable persons that are not established in Latvia but acquire services related to real estate (RE) and claim a VAT refund because the services are acquired to make supplies that attract Latvian reverse-charge VAT.
In January 2024 the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) launched its public consultation on two exposure drafts for sustainability reporting standards for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). One standard is for listed SMEs and the other, a voluntary reporting standard, is for other unlisted SMEs.
The European Central Bank (ECB) has been increasing its key interest rates since June 2022 to mitigate the high inflation caused by Covid-19. Taxpayers have good reason to debate whether they should revise the interest rates historically applied in their long-term financing transactions between related parties and apply new rates that are arm’s length and reflect the current economic conditions. This article explores the vision of the State Revenue Service (SRS) and recommendations for mitigating potential transfer pricing (TP) risks.
It was announced in November 2023 that the Electronic Declaration System (EDS) is switching to electronic identification tools and only a limited number of persons will be able to connect to EDS with the username and password assigned by the State Revenue Service (SRS). In response to taxpayers’ questions about the proposed changes, the SRS has issued a letter of explanation. Read on to find out more.
The tax reform in Latvia involved changing its corporate income tax (CIT) system from 1 January 2018. Six years after the new system was put in place, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) has evaluated the CIT reform and prepared an evaluation of the impact of the CIT reform in 2018–2023 and a proposed scenario of further action. This article explores the purpose, content and key findings of this evaluation.
Effective from 1 July 2024 amendments to the Notaries Act introduce rules on a civil partnership that will allow unmarried (including same-sex) couples to legally register their relationship and will give them social and economic protections. The amendments are to take effect together with amendments to the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act and to the National Social Insurance Act, which extend PIT relief to persons having entered into a civil partnership.
The Ministry of Justice has come up with proposals for amending the Cabinet of Ministers’ Rule No. 1250 of 27 October 2009, “Stamp duty for entering ownership and mortgage rights on the land register”, which could take effect on 1 July 2024. The proposals are designed to enforce the Constitutional Court’s ruling No. 2022-03-01, which provides for extending social and economic protections to individuals who have duly entered into a civil partnership. The proposals have been sent to the Ministry of Finance for approval by 8 February 2024.
We have written before about what a social enterprise is and how it’s different from a business entity in the classical sense. Latvian law has put the Ministry of Welfare (MOW) in charge of fostering and developing social business activity in Latvia, monitoring the development of this sector, and promoting the operation of social enterprises.
We have written before about the popular artificial intelligence (AI) tool, ChatGPT, from both a functionality perspective and a data protection viewpoint. This article explores the latest trends in using generative AI (GenAI) and offers some AI business predictions.
On 17 October 2023 the EU amended its blacklist of uncooperative tax havens that are subject to special taxation procedures. The blacklist now contains 16 jurisdictions, including Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, the Republic of Seychelles, and Russia. As 2023 saw the list being amended several times, there are certain tax aspects that may raise questions, yet national law does not always provide the answers. In this article we take a look at what the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the State Revenue Service (SRS) think about the tax treatment of a Latvian-resident individual’s income from a substantial participation in a foreign company, including dividends from a blacklisted tax haven.
Have a great New Year! By tradition we put together information on the legislation and amendments affecting the calculation of personal income tax (PIT), national social insurance (NSI) contributions and solidarity tax (ST) on wages and salaries. This article explores the changes for 2024 so you can get ready for a successful financial year.
On 7 December 2023 Parliament passed amendments to the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act in their second – final – reading. As part of the 2024 budget bills package, these amendments were debated as a matter of urgency, with two readings only. This article explores what we see as key changes, including new products added to the basket of allowable expenses, compensation for remote work, and other exempt income groups that will have their exemption thresholds increased from next year.
In early 2019 we wrote that all listed companies would have to file consolidated statements in ESEF from the financial year 2020 onwards. The rollout of this format was postponed, however, and it applies starting from the financial statements for 2021.
Many people see the high cost of living as a challenge that forces the public and the government to take steps in order to obtain protection from today’s unpredictable economic conditions. While every worker deserves to receive a wage that allows them to satisfy their needs and live a decent life, the UN recognises that more than a third of workers globally earn less than they need to secure such a standard of living. The problem remains unsolved in 2023, so this article summarises the various challenges that companies need to overcome if they are to implement what is known as a living wage.
Moving towards a more environmentally friendly and energy-independent urban development in Riga, in October 2022 the Riga City Council passed amendments to Binding Rule No. 109, Procedures for granting real estate tax relief in Riga, which set up a new category of real estate tax (RET) relief – a 50% relief for energy-efficient buildings to be delivered for occupancy after 2023.
The autumn months have been prolific with tax changes, yet some of the tax aspects, including temporary ones, might remain unchanged. The Finance Ministry has proposed many amendments to the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act, including an extension of the special tax scheme for royalty recipients who are not registered as economic operators. This article explores the proposed extension of the transitional royalty scheme and how this will affect its users.
The Finance Ministry has come up with a number of proposals for amending the VAT Act from 2024. The goals are to improve the VAT rules by exempting VAT on services that are closely linked to sports, to minimise the administrative burden, to encourage improvements to the business environment, and to revise the conditions for how registered taxable persons can adjust input tax paid on bad debts. The proposals must be approved in their second reading by Parliament before they can take effect. This article explores what we see as key changes to the VAT Act.
We have informed our MindLink subscribers that in late 2022 the European Commission (EC) published proposals for amending the VAT directive (2006/112/EC) and Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 282/2011 to upgrade the EU VAT system and increase its resistance to fraud. Known as ‘VAT in the Digital Age’ (ViDA), the EU VAT reform aims to modernise and simplify the VAT rules for platform economy members by introducing mandatory real-time digital reporting and e-invoicing for all intra-Community B2B transactions. This article explores the latest developments and the potential reforms, focusing on e-invoicing practices.
Today a lot of attention is being paid to protecting wildlife and improving the environment. Natural resource tax (NRT) is one of the instruments that helps protect the environment. The Cabinet of Ministers has approved and passed to Parliament for review a set of proposals for amending the NRT Act aimed at promoting economical and efficient use of natural resources and limiting environmental pollution. According to available information, some of the amendments are to come into force on 1 January and the rest on 1 July 2024. We informed our MindLink.lv subscribers about some of the proposals on 5 May 2023. This article explores how the NRT Act is to change.
The Ministry of Finance has suggested how tax legislation should be amended from 2024. This article explores proposals for amending the Corporate Income Tax (CIT) Act and the VAT Act relating to luxury executive vehicles (LEVs).
Following the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, aka the Paris Agreement, the European Parliament signed the resolution on the European Green Deal on 15 January 2020 and urged the member states to carry out the required transition to a climate-neutral society by 2050 at the latest. The Green Deal involves making a variety of important changes. One of such changes is Regulation (EU) 2023/851 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 April 2023 amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards strengthening the CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles in line with the Union’s increased climate ambition. What this Regulation provides for is nothing new in substance, as CO2 emission requirements for vehicles have been adopted earlier, but it does introduce some fairly ambitious goals. This article explores some of its requirements.
To pick up where we left off last week about the Finance Ministry’s proposals for amending the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act, this article looks at the proposed procedures for computing, reporting and paying PIT.
The end of September has been productive for farmers and ministries alike. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) has come up with proposals for amending the Personal Income Tax (PIT) Act, packaged into two bills. In this article we look at new additions to the basket of allowable expenses, as well as discussing remote work compensations and other classes of exempt income with an increased exemption threshold provisionally coming into force on 1 January 2024.
We have written before about the directive on the multinational enterprise (MNE) group’s public country-by-country report (CbCR) and how this is being passed into the national laws of EU member states. In this article we will look at Latvia’s progress in passing the directive and find out what aspects Latvian taxpayers need to consider and what issues and challenges they may face.
A directive requiring multinational enterprise (MNE) groups to prepare public country-by-country reports (“CbCR”) was published in the EU Official Journal in December 2021. The member states had until 22 June 2023 to pass the directive into their national laws. In this series of articles we will look at the progress made by Latvia and other member states and will explore the directive’s history, goals, potential benefits and taxpayer challenges.
By a unilateral decision, Russia has indefinitely suspended certain clauses of its double tax treaties (DTTs) with 38 countries from 8 August 2023. This article examines the list of affected countries and the status of Latvia’s DTT.
The current economic challenges, such as high inflation, scarce resources and pressures to increase profitability, continue pushing businesses towards a global dilemma: either motivate your workers to stay on with a pay rise and then say goodbye to your profit, or cancel your plans for higher pay and perks and then lose skilled workers. This dilemma might have you looking for some more efficient types of employer’s financial support with a low or no tax burden, such as non-taxable fringe benefits. This article offers an overview of exempt fringes and other useful tools employers can use to support their workers in the Baltic States.
On 13 July 2023 the Cabinet of Ministers approved and issued Rule No. 407, which governs implementation of the EU Cohesion Policy Programme for 2021–2027 to promote innovative business development in small and medium-sized Latvian enterprises. The approved total financing for an assistance programme to be implemented by the Latvian Investment and Development Agency (LIAA) is EUR 73.38 million.
Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) came into force on 17 May 2023. This so-called “carbon tax” applies from October 2023, with companies subject to CBAM being liable to file their first CBAM reports in January 2024. Carbon emission certificates will have to be purchased from 2026. In this article we are explaining in detail which companies are subject to CBAM.
This summer has brought many changes to the Commerce Act. Some of the amendments came into force on 1 June and others on 1 July. All these changes to a greater or lesser extent affect particular persons that are subject to the Commerce Act, and in this article we explore some of the effective amendments.
In June 2023, Parliament passed two extensive amendments to the Taxes and Duties Act effective from 1 January 2024. This was followed by a publication on the website of the State Revenue Service (SRS) detailing the new system’s objectives and explaining the meaning of taxpayer grades.
Pillar Two is a tax scheme that will be applied in the EU and OECD countries in addition to their national corporate tax systems. This was developed to make multinational enterprises pay a minimum 15% tax in their home country on income arising in each country they operate in.
On 8 December 2022 the European Commission (EC) published proposals for amending the VAT directive (2006/112/EC) and Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011. The proposals are designed to modernise the EU VAT system in the digital age, make it work for companies, and render it more resilient against fraud. The proposals also aim to address VAT issues caused by the platform economy.
On 13 December 2022 the Cabinet of Ministers passed amendments to Rule No. 656 of 24 November 2015, setting a new monthly minimum wage for normal working hours and laying down procedures for calculating the minimum hourly tariff rate. The amendments are coming into force on 1 January 2023.
Amendments to the Proof of Identity Act that came into force on 1 September 2022 will also affect entities that are subject to the Anti Money Laundering and Counter Terrorism and Proliferation Financing Act (“AML/CTPFA subjects”). If you want to keep your client relationships then you should evaluate how the amendments will affect them, and you should adopt solutions that will allow you to legally continue those relationships.
Our Flash News edition of 12 July 2022 informed MindLink subscribers about a new aid programme based on rules recently adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers. In that article we looked at eligible entities, qualifying activities and excluded industries. This article explores the aid instrument and the programme’s status.
On 1 December 2021 the European Parliament published the approved directive on the preparation of a public country-by-country report (“PCbCR Directive”). It states that any multinational group with consolidated revenue exceeding EUR 750 million for each of the last two financial years has to publish certain information (including revenue, headcount, and taxes paid) on their operations in each EU member state and certain third countries. This information has to be posted on the group’s website by December 2026 relating to subjects governed by the Directive if the financial year ends on 31 December 2025.
Council Directive 2020/284 of 18 February 2020 amending Directive 2006/112/EC as regards introducing certain requirements for payment service providers (the “Directive”) states that these providers (credit institutions, payment institutions, electronic money institutions, and post office giro payment institutions) operating in the EU will have to keep electronic records of cross-border payment data and exchange those records with a newly formed Central Electronic System of Payment information (CESOP) database as from 1 January 2024.
The European Commission has published proposals for a directive on rules to prevent shell companies from being used for tax evasion and to amend Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation. ATAD3 is the short title of the proposed directive. It mandates minimum business indicators for companies established in member states and rules on the tax regime for companies falling short of those indicators. The proposed directive would apply to all companies that are considered tax residents, including partnerships, trusts, and other legal arrangements. If adopted, the directive will come into force on 1 January 2024.
On 22 March 2021 the EU Council adopted Directive (EU) 2021/514 (“DAC7”) amending Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation, to extend the EU tax transparency rules and reporting obligations to digital platforms and platform operators. Digital platforms and platform operators are required to provide information on the income of sellers using digital platforms from 2023. These rules impose a reporting obligation on digital platforms operating within and outside the EU.
As the vacation season is approaching, so is the implementation of the controversial minimum income subject to mandatory national social insurance (“NSI”) contributions, which might affect many companies from 1 July 2021. On 24 May, however, the Parliamentary Presidium presented proposals for amending the NSI Act to a committee, urging a deferral of the effective date of the earlier amendments. This article describes the basic principles for applying the minimum NSI income and offers practical examples in case the bill is not approved and the new rules come into force from 1 July.
On 27 May 2021 a meeting of state secretaries heard the announcement of draft rules to be issued by the Cabinet of Ministers, which provide for adopting the minimum and maximum income that is subject to voluntary national social insurance (“NSI”) contributions and to mandatory contributions for self-employed persons. This article explores the new draft rules, which are to replace Cabinet Rule No. 1478 of 17 December 2013.
Collective agreements are a rare occurrence in Latvia, yet they can lay down employment terms such as minimum pay, extra pay and social guarantees applicable to a company in a given industry. These conditions can be enforced whether or not the employer belongs to the main group of employers, so each industry needs to monitor how the social dialogue between employers and workers is progressing. This article explores the significance of collective agreements and their key terms.