Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) came into force on 17 May 2023. This so-called “carbon tax” applies from October 2023, with companies subject to CBAM being liable to file their first CBAM reports in January 2024. Carbon emission certificates will have to be purchased from 2026. In this article we are explaining in detail which companies are subject to CBAM.

We often spend a lot of time in Microsoft Office creating and formatting presentations and writing emails and reports. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) means office workers can now save time on such tasks. We have written before about one of the most popular AI tools – ChatGPT and GPT-4, its operating principles, uses and restrictions (see our article on GPT-4 here). In this article we are continuing our tour of new technologies, looking at Microsoft as a leading AI creator for business purposes and its brand new AI assistant, Microsoft 365 Copilot.

In June 2023, Parliament passed two extensive amendments to the Taxes and Duties Act effective from 1 January 2024. This was followed by a publication on the website of the State Revenue Service (SRS) detailing the new system’s objectives and explaining the meaning of taxpayer grades.