The rapid evolution of digital financial services has led to virtual currency (“VC”) being increasingly used in everyday payments. In July 2021 the State Revenue Service issued guidance on the tax and accounting treatment of virtual currency transactions, offering insights into the practical application of laws and regulations to income people earn from VC dealings. This article explores the personal income tax (“PIT”) treatment where an individual buys and sells VC.

Every company must have an accounting policy in place that specifies its accounting principles, as well as laying down rules for how its financial statements should be prepared and how its internal documents should move around. The accounting policy must fit the nature of the company’s business.

We have written earlier about the corporate income tax (“CIT”) treatment of payments made to a non-resident company on which tax must be withheld under section 5 of the CIT Act. This article explores the legal framework, examples and supporting documents for the most common type of payment: management and consulting fees.